[Oracle] 在单机上创建物理的 Oracle9i standby 数据库笔记

整理:Fenng
日期:14-Nov-2004 
出处:http://www.dbanotes.net
版本:0.91


简单介绍

说明:Oracle9i 数据库的 Data Guard 特性确保对数据进行完整的保护,是 Oracle 9i 的一个关键特性之一。Data Guard 可以创建物理的 Standby 数据库,也可以创建逻辑的Standby数据库,还可以混合使用,灵活性比较强.这个文档是Fenng练习时候记下来的东西,谈不上是什么心得。这不过是一份安装过程中的笔记而已,大约写于一年以前,如果对Standby机制的了解有更高的期望,或者想得到关于Oracle数据库的data guard 和Standby的更多信息,请参考官方的文档。

系统环境版本信息描述:Windows 2000 专业版 SP3 512M 内存
现有的数据库实例 (Primary)名字:Demo
预创建的Standby数据库实例名字:Pstandby

数据库版本信息:

SQL> SELECT * FROM v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    9.2.0.1.0       Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production

准备工作

首先确认Primary数据库是否在归档模式下

SQL> SHOW user
USER is "SYS"
SQL>
SQL> ARCHIVE log list
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            d:\oracle\oradata\demo\archive
Oldest online log sequence     42
Next log sequence to archive   44
Current log sequence           44
如果不在归档模式下,调整数据库。 首先提交命令修改SPfile:
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_start=TRUE SCOPE=SPFILE;

然后关闭数据库实例

SQL>SHUTDOWN immediate;

备份数据库

SQL>STARTUP MOUNT

SQL>ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

备份

1. Primary Database 需要做的准备工作


1.1 激活 Forced Logging

SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;

1.2 设置本地归档目标

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO\Archive' SCOPE=BOTH;

此操作直接生效

2.创建物理的Standby数据库


2.1 标记出Primary数据库的数据文件

SQL> SELECT NAME FROM v$datafile;

NAME
-----------------------------------------------------

D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\SYSTEM01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\UNDOTBS01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\CWMLITE01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\DRSYS01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\EXAMPLE01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\INDX01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\ODM01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\TOOLS01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\USERS01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\XDB01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\OEM_REPOSITORY.DBF

11 rows selected.

SQL>

2.2 关闭Instance 拷贝数据文件到既定目的地

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

2.3 为Standby 数据库创建控制文件

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE 
     AS 'C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\DEMOSTANDBY.CTL';

要注意这个控制文件的名字不要和Primary的控制文件名字重复

2.4 为Standby数据库准备初始化参数文件名字

SQL> CREATE PFILE='C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\initpstandby' FROM SPFILE;

2.5 设定初始化Physical Standby Database参数

*.aq_tm_processes=1
*.background_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\bdump'
*.compatible='9.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\DEMOSTANDBY.CTL'
*.core_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_cache_size=19922944
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=32
*.db_name='DEMO'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=DEMOXDB)'
*.fast_start_mttr_target=300
*.hash_area_size=1048576
*.hash_join_enabled=TRUE
*.instance_name='pstandby'
*.java_pool_size=20971520
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.large_pool_size=7340032
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=d:\oracle\oradata\demo\archive'
*.log_archive_start=TRUE
*.open_cursors=300
*.optimizer_mode='FIRST_ROWS'
*.pga_aggregate_target=17825792
*.processes=150
*.query_rewrite_enabled='TRUE'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.shared_pool_size=33554432
*.sort_area_size=1048576
*.star_transformation_enabled='TRUE'
*.timed_statistics=TRUE
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_retention=10800
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\udump'

lock_name_space=pstandby
standby_file_management=AUTO
remote_archive_enable=TRUE
standby_archive_dest='C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\Archive' 
db_file_name_convert=('D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO', 'C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\')
log_file_name_convert=('D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO', 'C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\')
log_archive_dest_1=('LOCATION=C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\Archive') 

整个操作的过程中,容易出现错误的地方几乎都集中在此处。必须认真仔细的对待这个文件。标记为黑色的地方是需要进行修改的。

2.6 创建一个Windows服务

WINNT> oradim -NEW -SID Pstandby -STARTMODE manual 

2.7 Create a Server Parameter File for the Standby Database

可参考执行如下操作:

C:\>SET oracle_sid=pstandby
C:\>SQLPLUS /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / as sysdba
SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE='C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\initPstandby.ora';

2.8 启动物理Standby数据库

C:\>set oracle_sid=pstandby
C:\>sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect / as sysdba
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE;

2.9 在Standby数据库上,初始化Log Apply 服务

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

2.10 激活到物理Standby数据库的归档

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=Pstandby' SCOPE=BOTH; 
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE SCOPE=BOTH;

2.11 启动远程归档

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;

3.安装完的的验证


3.1在database, 查询V$ARCHIVED_LOG

(其实也可以直接到相关目录下查看Log是否创建):

SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME
  2  FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

 SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ----------
        38 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02
        39 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02
        40 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02
        41 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02
        42 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02

3.2 在Primary数据库上,归档当前的Log

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;

3.3 验证是否收到

SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME
  2>  FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

 SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ----------
        38 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02
        39 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02
        40 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02
        41 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02
        42 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02
        43 23-7?  -02 23-7?  -02

3.4 验证是否新的归档Redo日志已经被应用

SQL> SELECT  sequence#, applied FROM v$archived_log ORDER BY sequence#;

 SEQUENCE# APP
---------- ---
        38 YES
        39 YES
        40 YES
        41 YES
        42 YES
        43 YES

OK.表明我们还是成功的。暂时告一段落。

附加内容

primary数据库的Pfile内容

*.aq_tm_processes=1
*.background_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\bdump'
*.compatible='9.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO\CONTROL01.CTL',
   'D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO\CONTROL02.CTL','D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO\CONTROL03.CTL'
*.core_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_cache_size=19922944
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=32
*.db_name='DEMO'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=DEMOXDB)'
*.fast_start_mttr_target=300
*.hash_area_size=1048576
*.hash_join_enabled=TRUE
*.instance_name='DEMO'
*.java_pool_size=20971520
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.large_pool_size=7340032
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=d:\oracle\oradata\demo\archive'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PSTANDBY'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_start=TRUE
*.open_cursors=300
*.optimizer_mode='FIRST_ROWS'
*.pga_aggregate_target=17825792
*.processes=150
*.query_rewrite_enabled='TRUE'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.shared_pool_size=33554432
*.sort_area_size=1048576
*.star_transformation_enabled='TRUE'
*.timed_statistics=TRUE
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_retention=10800
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\udump'



本文作者

Fenng,某美资公司DBA,业余时间混迹于各数据库相关的技术论坛且乐此不疲。 目前关注如何利用ORACLE数据库有效地构建企业应用。对Oracle tuning、troubleshooting有一点研究。
个人技术站点:http://www.dbanotes.net/ 。 可以通过电子邮件 [email protected] 联系到他。

原文出处

http://www.dbanotes.net/Oracle/9i_Physical_standby_DB_Step_by_Step.htm

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